A Babcock–Leighton-type Solar Dynamo Operating in the Bulk of the Convection Zone

Abstract The toroidal magnetic field is assumed to be generated in the tachocline most Babcock–Leighton (BL)-type solar dynamo models, which poloidal produced by emergence and subsequent dispersal of sunspot groups. However, activity fully convective stars MHD simulations global stellar convection have recently raised serious doubts regarding importance generation field. In this study, we aim develop a new BL-type model, operates mainly within bulk zone. Our 2D model includes effect solar-like differential rotation, one-cell meridional flow, near-surface radial pumping, strong turbulent diffusion, source, nonlinear back-reaction on its source with vertical outer boundary condition. leads simple dipolar configuration that has dominant latitudinal component, wound up shear zone generate flux. As result, plays negligible role model. reproduces basic properties cycle, including (a) approximately 11 yr cycle period 18 extended period; (b) equatorward propagation antisymmetric starting from high latitudes; (c) polar evolution consistent observations. opens possibility for paradigm shift understanding transition classical flux transport dynamo.